Vascular Dementia
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Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Alzheimer Dementia
- Vascular Dementia
- Lewy Body Dementia
- Frontotemporal Dementia
- Parkinson Disease
- Multiple System Atrophy
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Vascular Dementia
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Summary
Vascular dementia is a type of dementia or cognitive decline caused by multiple strokes or blood clots of the vessels supplying the brain, causing ischemia and brain damage. Patients present with stepwise cognitive decline, with a noticeable drop in cognitive ability that occurs suddenly each infarct event.
Key Points
- Vascular Dementia
- Pathophysiology
- Neurodegeneration resulting from multiple arterial infarcts and/or chronic ischemia
- Patients usually have history of stroke or cardiovascular risk factors
- Functionally, this is neurodegeneration associated with subclinical strokes
- Neurodegeneration resulting from multiple arterial infarcts and/or chronic ischemia
- Presentation
- Stepwise cognitive decline
- Steps in cognitive decline usually associated with covert infarct events
- Contrast vs. Alzheimer which has gradual cognitive decline
- Focal neurological deficits may be seen
- Since infarcts are usually localized
- Stepwise cognitive decline
- Diagnosis
- Brain Imaging
- Evidence of multiple cortical and subcortical infarcts
- Cognitive screening tests
- I.e. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),
- Brain Imaging
- Treatment
- Reduce risk of future vascular events
- Controlling blood pressure, lipid profile, or glucose levels
- Reduce risk of future vascular events
- Pathophysiology