Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
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Cranial Nerves
- Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
- Optic Nerve (CN II)
- Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
- Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
- Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
- Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
- Facial Nerve (CN VII)
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
- Vagus Nerve (CN X)
- Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
- Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Summary
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Key Points
- Hypoglossal nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
- Nerve type
- Motor
- Function
- Tongue movement
- Controls all muscles of tongue except for palatoglossus (innervated by CN X)
- May be stimulated by DBS for treatment of sleep apnea when tongue occlusion of the airway is implicated
- Test by asking patient to stick tongue out
- Tongue deviates to side of lesion if present
- Tongue movement
- Nerve Entry/Exit
- Nerve exits medulla at midline
- Originates from hypoglossal nucleus
- Located at floor of fourth ventricle
- Nerve exits at rostral end of the postolivary sulcus
- Originates from hypoglossal nucleus
- Nerve exits medulla at midline
- Cranial foramen
- Hypoglossal canal
- Reflexes
- None
- Nerve type