Long Term Memory
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Memory
Long Term Memory
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Summary
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Key Points
- Long Term Memory
- Third and final step of information processing model
- Occurs after short term and working memory
- Function
- Information storage
- Organized into two types
- Explicit memory
- Stores declarative information; can be consciously recalled
- Semantic memory
- Meanings of words, facts and concepts
- e.g. meaning of “dog”, multiplication, colors
- Performance is stable with aging
- Meanings of words, facts and concepts
- Episodic memory
- Personal experiences and events
- e.g. buying first car, first day of college
- Contains flashbulb memories
- Vivid, detailed snapshot of an emotionally-charged event
- e.g. where I was when 9/11 happened
- Vivid, detailed snapshot of an emotionally-charged event
- Performance declines with aging
- Personal experiences and events
- Source memory
- Stores source of information
- e.g. who said or reported something
- Performance declines with aging
- Stores source of information
- Implicit memory
- Stores non-declarative information; cannot be consciously recalled
- Procedural memory
- Stores motor skills
- e.g. how to ride a bike, or tie a shoe
- Performance is stable with aging
- Stores motor skills
- Emotional/Reflexive memory
- Stores associations between stimuli and emotions
- e.g. smell of hot chocolate triggers nostalgic emotions from childhood winters
- Stores associations between stimuli and emotions
- Priming
- Stores previous experiences that influence current perception of stimuli
- e.g. people recognize the word “nurse” more after reading “doctor” than after reading “bread”
- Stores previous experiences that influence current perception of stimuli
- Explicit memory
- Duration
- Theoretically indefinite (hence: “long term”)
- Constrained by forgetting (the loss of information from our long term storage)
- Theoretically indefinite (hence: “long term”)
- Capacity
- Unlimited capacity
- Humans thought to have indefinite capacity to learn new information
- Unlimited capacity
- Third and final step of information processing model