Togavirus
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Key Points
- Togaviruses
- Characteristics
- RNA viruses
- replicate in the cytoplasm of cells
- Single-stranded
- + sense
- Linear chromosome
- Enveloped
- Icosahedral capsid
- RNA viruses
- Viruses of Medical importance
- Chikungunya virus
- Transmission
- Arthropod-borne: Aedes mosquito
- Co-infection with Dengue virus can occur
- Arthropod-borne: Aedes mosquito
- Presentation: Chikungunya fever
- Flu-like illness (fever, nausea/vomiting, myalgias, malaise)
- Polyarthralgias
- Diffuse macular rash
- Transmission
- Rubella virus
- Transmission
- Respiratory droplets
- usually affects children
- Vertical transmission
- Respiratory droplets
- Presentation
- Rubella
- Also known as German Measles or 3-day Measles
- Fever
- Lymphadenopathy (esp. postauricular)
- Arthralgias
- Maculopapular rash
- Starts on face and spreads downwards to involve trunk and extremities
- Congenital Rubella
- Sensorineural deafness
- Cataracts
- Cardiac malformations (e.g. PDA)
- Close with indomethacin
- Blueberry muffin appearance
- due to dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis
- Developmental delay may be seen
- Rubella
- Treatment
- Supportive
- Prophylaxis
- MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) - live attenuated
- Given at 12-15 months of age
- Has greatly reduced incidence of congenital rubella
- MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) - live attenuated
- Transmission
- Eastern and Western Encephalitis
- Chikungunya virus
- Characteristics