Poliovirus
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Key Points
- Poliovirus
- Member of Picornavirus family
- Also an enterovirus (closely related to Coxsackievirus)
- Presentation
- Poliomyelitis
- Damages motor neurons of anterior horns of spinal cord
- Causes LMN disease: flaccid paralysis, atrophy, areflexia, fasciculations
- Damages motor neurons of anterior horns of spinal cord
- Poliomyelitis
- Vaccination
- Live-attenuated oral vaccine (OPV)
- Also called the Sabin vaccine
- Stronger IgA response (than Salk)
- Detected in oropharyngeal and intestinal mucosa
- Secretory IgA inhibits viral entry at GI mucosa
- Rare vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP)
- Occurs in 1 in 1 million people vaccinated
- For this reason, IPV is preferred in developed countries with low polio rates (cost > benefit)
- In developing countries, OPV is still used due to lower cost and greater efficacy (cost < benefit)
- Inactivated (Salk) vaccine (IPV)
- Only IPV is approved for use in USA, since no VAPP risk compared to OPV
- Live-attenuated oral vaccine (OPV)
- Member of Picornavirus family