Medicine & USMLE

Stomach

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  • Stomach
    • Structure/Anatomy
      • Fundus collects excess gas produced by digestion and acts as extra food storage
      • Body of stomach is main site of digestion
      • Pylorus prevents passage of undigested food into small intestines 
    • Holds and churns food entering from esophagus
      • Muscular contractions of stomach walls allow it to churn food and reduce it to a semi-fluid mass, called chyme 
      • Stores food until it is ready to be released into duodenum of the small intestine 
    • Produces acidic gastric juice (stomach acid) (pH = 2)
      • A combination of acids/enzymes/hormones, but largely hydrochloric acid (HCl)
    • Exocrine function produces enzymes and hormones:
      • Gastrin
      • Pepsin
      • Mucin (mucus)
        • Glycoprotein that lubricates stomach lining and protects it from acid, preventing self-destruction