Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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Diabetes Drugs (New)
- DPP-4 Inhibitors
- GLP-1 Analogs
- Pramlintide (Amylin Analogs)
- SGLT2 Inhibitors
- Metformin (Biguanides)
- Insulin Preparations
- Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Summary
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Key Points
- Alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibitors
- Drug Names
- Acarbose
- Miglitol
- Mechanism
- Inhibit alpha (α)-glucosidases at intestinal brush-border
- Decreased carbohydrate hydrolysis (breakdown)
- Prevents breakdown of disaccharides into simple sugars that can be absorbed by the intestines
- Decreased intestinal absorption of glucose
- Decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
- Decreased carbohydrate hydrolysis (breakdown)
- Inhibit alpha (α)-glucosidases at intestinal brush-border
- Clinical Use
- Treats diabetes mellitus
- Typically used with refractory type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Treats diabetes mellitus
- Side Effects
- Flatulence and Diarrhea
- Flatulence, bloating, diarrhea caused by the fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates
- Use with Caution in Renal Insufficiency (not recommended)
- Especially with Miglitol, since miglitol is absorbed systemically and excreted unchanged in the urine. Poor kidney function can therefore lead to increased doses and side effects
- Acarbose is metabolized nearly completely within the gastrointestinal tract, so very little is excreted in the urine.
- Weight neutral
- No effect on weight
- Does not cause hypoglycemia
- Since this drug does not cause insulin release, the risk of hypoglycemia is low when used in isolation
- This drug may slightly increase the risk of hypoglycemia when it is taken together with insulin or insulin-releasing drugs
- Flatulence and Diarrhea
- Drug Names