Medicine & USMLE

Horner Syndrome

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Neurological Disorders
  1. Tuberous Sclerosis
  2. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
  3. Huntington Disease
  4. Sturge-Weber Syndrome
  5. Friedreich Ataxia
  6. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  7. Horner Syndrome

Horner Syndrome

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Summary

Horner Syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by sympathetic denervation to one side of the face and eyes. This can be caused by damage to any part of the sympathetic tract as it descends down from the hypothalamus of the brain to the spinal cord before ascending back up to the face. Horner syndrome manifests clinically as a triad of symptoms, including ptosis, referring to a droopy eyelid, anhidrosis, referring to a dry face, and miosis, referring to pupil constriction. All of these symptoms are unilateral and affect only one side of the face on the same side or ipsilateral side of the lesion.

Key Points

  • Horner Syndrome
    • Sympathetic denervation of face
      • Ptosis (drooping eyelid)
      • Anhidrosis (decreased sweating)
        • May be associated with flushing of same side of face
      • Miosis (pupil constriction)
    • Caused by lesions anywhere along the Oculosympathetic Pathway