Medicine & USMLE

Zolpidem

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Mental Health Drugs
  1. SNRIs
  2. SSRIs
  3. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
  4. MAOIs
  5. Benzodiazepines
  6. Barbiturates
  7. Zolpidem
  8. Typical Antipsychotics
  9. Atypical Antipsychotics
  10. Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)
  11. Lithium
  12. Bupropion
  13. Mirtazapine
  14. Buspirone
  15. Trazodone
  16. Amphetamines

Summary

Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic drug that is used to treat insomnia. It is a short-term treatment, and should not be used for longer than 10 days. Zolpidem is a preferred treatment for insomnia over benzodiazepines because it does not have as high of a risk for dependence or abuse compared to the benzodiazepine drugs.

Key Points

  • Mechanism
    • Sedative-hypnotic
      • Is considered a nonbenzodiazepine, but has a similar mechanism of action as benzodiazepines
        • Binds to GABA receptors, enhancing GABA action
    • Clinical Use
      • Insomnia (Sedative)
        • Short-term treatment (less than 10 days)
        • Can assist in helping fall asleep, but its short half life does not generally help to stay asleep
        • Preferred treatment over barbiturates and benzodiazepines, as it has a much lower risk of dependency and abuse
        • Rapid onset
          • Should be taken immediately prior to sleep
          • Do not drive after taking zolpidem
        • Does not have other effects of benzodiazepines like antianxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxing
    • Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
      • Drowsiness, lethargy, hangover (residual sedation)
        • Avoid other CNS depressants like alcohol, narcotics, and antipsychotics
      • Headache