Zolpidem

Summary

Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic drug that is used to treat insomnia. It is a short-term treatment, and should not be used for longer than 10 days. Zolpidem is a preferred treatment for insomnia over benzodiazepines because it does not have as high of a risk for dependence or abuse compared to the benzodiazepine drugs.

Key Points

• Mechanism
  • Sedative-hypnotic
    • Is considered a nonbenzodiazepine, but has a similar mechanism of action as benzodiazepines
      • Binds to GABA receptors, enhancing GABA action
  • Clinical Use
    • Insomnia (Sedative)
      • Short-term treatment (less than 10 days)
      • Can assist in helping fall asleep, but its short half life does not generally help to stay asleep
      • Preferred treatment over barbiturates and benzodiazepines, as it has a much lower risk of dependency and abuse
      • Rapid onset
        • Should be taken immediately prior to sleep
        • Do not drive after taking zolpidem
      • Does not have other effects of benzodiazepines like antianxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxing
  • Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
    • Drowsiness, lethargy, hangover (residual sedation)
      • Avoid other CNS depressants like alcohol, narcotics, and antipsychotics
    • Headache