Parvovirus
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Viruses - DNA Viruses
- Herpesvirus Overview
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1)
- Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2)
- Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV3)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV4)
- Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
- Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV6 and HHV7)
- Human Herpesviruses 8 (HHV8)
- Poxvirus
- Hepadnavirus
- Adenovirus
- Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Polyomavirus
- Parvovirus
Key Points
- Parvovirus B19 virus
- Characteristics
- DNA virus
- Replicates in nucleus
- Single-stranded
- No envelope
- Linear chromosome
- Smallest DNA virus
- DNA virus
- Transmission
- Several routes of transmission
- Respiratory droplets
- Vertical transmission from mother to fetus
- Blood/hematogenous
- Several routes of transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Infects RBC precursors in bone marrow and blood
- P antigen (bound by parvovirus B19 receptors) expressed mainly on RBCs and precursors
- May also be found on endothelial cells and other blood components
- Parvovirus B19 replicates in bone marrow, killing RBC precursors
- P antigen (bound by parvovirus B19 receptors) expressed mainly on RBCs and precursors
- Infects RBC precursors in bone marrow and blood
- Presentation
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
- Note: Fifth disease is historical; one of 6 childhood rashes, named for order they were discovered
- Begins with non-specific flu-like prodrome
- Manifested symptoms of brief viremia
- “Slapped cheek” rash (malar rash) in children
- Thought to be mediated by antibody-induced inflammation from immune response to virus
- Generalized reticular (lace-like) rash on arms, legs, trunk
- Aplastic anemia
- Common in sickle cell disease
- Usually manifests as a pure-red blood cell aplasia, but other blood cell lines may be affected
- Pure RBC aplasia also seen in adults
- Rare form of marrow failure
- Common in sickle cell disease
- Hydrops fetalis
- Can cause death in fetus if pregnant woman is infected
- Arthralgia/arthritis
- Knees, ankles, wrists, and hands involved, with stiffness and pain
- May cause myocarditis
- Causal link has not yet been established
- Erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
- Diagnosis
- Anti-parvovirus IgM or IgG on serologies
- PCR detection
- Treatment
- Self-limiting; supportive
- NSAIDs may be used for arthritic symptoms
- Self-limiting; supportive
- Characteristics