Zolpidem Zaleplon Eszopiclone
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Other Neuro Pharm
- Ramelteon
- Triptans
- Benzodiazepines - Function
- Zolpidem Zaleplon Eszopiclone
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Summary
Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Eszopiclone are non-benzodiazepine hypnotics informally called the Z-drugs, which are used to treat insomnia. These drugs work by binding to and potentiating BZ1 receptors, a type of GABA receptor. The resulting GABA signalling induces sleep. Compared to traditional benzo drugs, these Z-drugs have a lower risk of dependence and less residual daytime effects.
Key Points
- BZ1-GABA Hypnotics
- Also known as the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
- Drug Names
- Zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone
- Mechanism
- Act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor to increase frequency of chloride channel opening
- Same binding site as benzodiazepines; effects also reversed by flumazenil
- But chemically unrelated to benzos (hence, non-benzodiazepine)
- Act via BZ1 subtype of the GABA receptor to increase frequency of chloride channel opening
- Clinical Use
- Insomnia
- Sleep cycle less affected compared to benzodiazepine hypnotics
- Short duration of action due to rapid metabolism by liver
- Unlike older sedative-hypnotics, BZ1 hypnotics cause only modest day-after psychomotor depression and few amnestic effects
- Insomnia
- Adverse Effects
- Lower dependence risk than benzodiazepines
- May cause ataxia, headaches, confusion