Salmonella typhi
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Bacteria - Gram Negative
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- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Bordetella pertussis
- Brucella
- Legionella pneumophila
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Overview
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Disease
- Salmonella Overview
- Salmonella typhi
- Salmonella enteritidis
- Shigella
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Escherichia coli: Overview
- Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)
- Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC)
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- Campylobacter jejuni
- Vibrio spp.
- Helicobacter pylori
- Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
- Leptospira interrogans
- Treponema pallidum: Overview
- Treponema pallidum: Diagnosis
- Congenital syphilis
- Chlamydia: Overview
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Chlamydia pneumoniae vs. psittaci
- Rickettsia rickettsii
- Rickettsia typhi vs. prowazekii
- Anaplasma vs. Ehrlichia
- Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
Salmonella typhi
- Virulence factors
- Encapsulated with Vi polysaccharide
- Provides resistance against phagocytosis
- Vi polysaccharide is targeted by vaccine
- Endotoxin
- Encapsulated with Vi polysaccharide
- Transmission
- Fecal-oral (contaminated food or water)
- Usually seen in travelers to developing countries/endemic regions
- Reservoir is humans only (no animals)
- Carriers have gallbladder colonization
- Fecal-oral (contaminated food or water)
- Presentation - Typhoid fever
- Escalating fever lasting several days
- Initial constipation, followed by pea-soup watery diarrhea
- Also presents with abdominal pain
- May be eventually complicated with GI bleeding/hemorrhagic enteritis (due to ulceration of Peyer’s patches) with possible bowel perforation
- Contrast w Shigella - bloody diarrhea (inflammatory)
- Rose spots on chest/abdomen
- several faint, erythematous maculopapular lesions on the chest and abdomen
- Associated with osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients
- Treatment
- Fluoroquinolone
- Fluoroquinolones are first-line for all patients
- Azithromycin if resistance or intolerance of fluoroquinolones
- Antibiotics may prolong duration of fecal excretion
- Fluoroquinolone
- Prevention
- Oral vaccine contains live-attenuated S typhi
- IM vaccine contains Vi capsular polysaccharide
- Vaccination recommended prior to traveling to endemic areas