Medicine & USMLE

IL-1

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Cytokines
  1. TNF-alpha
  2. IL-1
  3. IL-2
  4. IL-3
  5. IL-4
  6. IL-5
  7. IL-6
  8. IL-8
  9. IL-10
  10. IL-12
  11. TGF-beta
  12. IFN-alpha and IFN-beta
  13. IFN-gamma

Summary

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine primarily produced by macrophages that plays a major role in acute inflammation. By promoting vasodilation, capillary permeability, and activation of endothelial cells, IL-1 stimulates inflammation, which creates a hostile environment for pathogens and helps white blood cells reach sites of infection. IL-1 also acts indirectly on the hypothalamus to cause fever. Lastly, IL-1 promotes bone resorption by osteoclast activation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteolytic lesions in cancer.

Key Points

  • IL-1 (interleukin-1)
    • Secreted by Macrophages
      • Also by cancer/neoplastic and some epithelial cells
    • Actions
      • Fever (pyrogen)
        • Via production of PGE2, which acts on hypothalamic nuclei
      • Stimulates inflammation
        • Promotes vasodilation and capillary permeability
        • Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules
        • Induces chemokine secretion to recruit WBCs
      • Osteoclast-activating factor
        • IL-1 promotes bone resorption leading to osteopenia
        • Tumor production of IL-1 plays a role in creation of lytic (hole-punch) bone lesions in cancer