Structural Functionalism

Summary

The Theory of Structural Functionalism, also simply called Functionalism, is a macrosociological theory that sees society as a system of interconnected parts. These parts are separate, but work together to maintain the homeostasis of society as a whole--comparable to how an organism’s organs work together to maintain homeostasis. There are two types of functions: manifest and latent. Manifest functions are the intended functions of a social system, while latent functions are unintended functions.

Key Points

• (Structural) Functionalism
  • Society functions like an organism
    • Parts of society form a balance to maintain equilibrium/homeostasis
  • Social activities have two types of functions:
    • Manifest functions
      • intended functions of a system
    • Latent functions
      • unintended functions of a system
  • Key Theorists were Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons

Example

Social systems and societies are created by the balancing of different groups. Take the principals, teachers, lunch ladies, and students in a school. They each serve different functions, but come together to create a stable equilibrium. The created school system has the manifest or intended function of educating students, but also has the latent or unintended function of serving as free babysitting for parents.