Insulin Preparations
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Diabetes Drugs (Old)
- Insulin Preparations
- Metformin
- Glitazones / Thiazolidinediones
- First-Gen Sulfonylureas
- Second-Gen Sulfonylureas
- Meglitinides
- GLP-1 Analogs
- DPP-4 Inhibitors
- alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
- Pramlintide
Summary
Insulin is an anabolic peptide hormone used to treat diabetes, and its main function is to lower and control blood glucose levels. It comes in a variety of different preparations, each of which is used in different clinical contexts. Lispro, Glulisine, and Aspart are rapid-acting insulin analogues and are used prior to eating to combat the post-prandial peak. Regular insulin is short-acting and is used primarily in the context of diabetic ketoacidosis. NPH insulin is intermediate-acting but its use has declined in recent years with the advent of newer long-acting insulins.Glargine and detemir are long-acting insulin analogues and are primarily used to maintain blood glucose levels over a longer period of time.
Key Points
- Insulin preparations
- Rapid-acting (1-hr peak)
- Lispro
- Aspart
- Glulisine
- Short-acting (2–3 hr peak)
- Regular insulin
- Intermediate-acting (4–10 hr peak)
- NPH
- NPH stands for neutral protamine Hagedorn, and the words refer to neutral pH (pH = 7), protamine (a protein), and Hans Christian Hagedorn (the original researcher)
- NPH
- Long-acting (no real peak)
- Detemir
- Glargine
- Rapid-acting (1-hr peak)