Oxcarbazepine

Summary

Oxcarbazepine is a medication that works by blocking sodium channels, which slows down neuron firing and depresses electrical activity in the brain. It is primarily used as an antiepileptic to treat seizures.
Key side effects include Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, a severe allergic reaction characterized by a painful rash, as well as hyponatremia. Diuretics should be used with caution with oxcarbazepine, as they can further increase the risk of hyponatremia. Other common side effects include drowsiness and dizziness.

Key Points

• Oxcarbazepine
  • Mechanism
    • Blocks sodium channels
      • Slows neuron firing and depresses the CNS
  • Clinical Use
    • Seizures
      • Referred to as an antiepileptic or anticonvulsant
      • Effective in treating partial seizures
  • Side Effects
    • CNS Effects
      • Dizziness
      • Drowsiness
    • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
      • A severe allergic reaction to medication that manifests as flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, fatigue, etc.) followed by a painful rash that spreads and blisters
      • Can be fatal if not treated
      • Less severe drug rashes can be observed but should be reported to the provider, as they can escalate to SJS
    • Hyponatremia
      • Low sodium levels (<135)
      • Use caution with diuretics
        • Diuretics often affect serum sodium levels, so the combination of oxcarbazepine and diuretics puts patient at increased risk of hyponatremia